The AFDC system could have been replaced by Brief Direction to own Needy Families ( TANF ) program

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2. Look for Moffitt (1998) to possess a discussion of your AFDC books and you may Alm, Dickert-Conlin, and you can Whittington (1999) having a discussion of the taxation literary works. Regarding Societal Safety, one most other report has worried about marriage penalties on the Social Security system (Brien, Dickert-Conlin, and you may Weaver 2001). The fresh people think about the remarriage punishment against old (perhaps not child-in-care) widows whoever dry spouses did in the Personal Cover-safeguarded a position. They realize that the fresh 1979 law one to quicker the brand new penalty to have remarriage over-age 60 triggered significantly more widows aged sixty otherwise older reong widows miss instantaneously before many years sixty while increasing in the ages sixty.

3. These statistics depend on weighted samples regarding administrative facts handled by the Public Cover Government ( SSA ).

S. Societal Security Government (2001a, 2001b) contain details about it supply and on most other program statutes

7. For information about this new earnings of the total Societal Safety measures, select Panel of Trustees of the Federal Dated-Age and Survivors Insurance rates and you will Handicap Insurance coverage Trust Funds (2003).

8. Surviving divorced partners are qualified to receive youngster-in-proper care professionals. In the paper, the definition of widow(er) is meant to become enduring divorced partners. As well as, a child-in-care widow(er) work for terminates upon remarriage, nonetheless it are recovered if for example the marriage concludes.

ten. So it outcome is maybe not particular to your 2001 relatives limit algorithm. While the Personal Defense a year adjusts per fold section of the exact same grounds, it is always the fact the members of the family maximum ranges from 150 per cent off PIA to help you from the 187.5 per cent off PIA .

11. The latest impoverishment measure is founded on a specific definition of the newest family: anybody relevant because of the blood or e household. The concept of relatives is founded on Social Safety system possess: people who discovered masters on the same ily has some experts. Like, it gives created children that do perhaps not alive toward widow(er) , including an impaired child inside an institution. Additionally has some cons. Although the widow(er) usually ‘s the mom/dad otherwise stepmother/stepfather of your children toward dead worker’s membership, this can not at all times getting real.

twelve. A great widow(er) would offer a quote so you can SSA away from their unique earnings to own a particular season. In the event the actual earnings fundamentally differed from the reported number, SSA do shell out a lot more masters or gather with the overpayment out-of benefits.

thirteen. New 10 percent shot is based on the very last a few digits of one’s widow(er)is the reason Public Defense number ( SSN ). Each person try tasked a weight off 10. The past a few digits of one’s SSN can be used to form an arbitrary sample (both digits commonly systematically assigned), and you can like products are used for SSA books, including the Yearly Statistical Supplement towards Public Protection Bulletin (U.S. Personal Safety Management 2001a). Our very own study, that are not publicly available due to privacy restrictions, were pointers out-of SSA is the reason benefit info, earnings records, and you will SSN application suggestions.

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14. We investment 2001 earnings on such basis as real earnings regarding 1999. Specifically, we guess 2001 income will be eleven % more than 1999 income. Average earnings in the usa became by the eleven per cent away from 1997 to help you 1999 (You.S. Public Safeguards Government 2001a, Dining table 2.A8).

fifteen. An equivalent class that is omitted is composed of widow(er)s whose money was in fact too high which they did not annoy in order to apply for masters (keep in mind that so it “zero filing” classification isn’t listed in Table step one). Particularly persons don’t receive masters and you can, consequently, don’t deal with matrimony penalties.